Sustainable Bioactive Composite of Glehnia littoralis Extracts for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation

Author:

Kim Chul Joong1ORCID,Ghimire Bimal Kumar2ORCID,Choi Seon Kang3,Yu Chang Yeon4,Lee Jae Geun1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hwajin Bio Cosmetic, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea

3. Department of Agricultural Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Different bone-related diseases are mostly caused by the disruption of bone formation and bone resorption, including osteoporosis. Traditional medicinal literature has reported the possible anti-osteoporotic properties of Glehnia littoralis. However, the chemical compounds in extracts that are responsible for bone metabolism are poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore and compare the coumarin-based compounds present in G. littoralis extracts, the antioxidant activities, and the anti-osteoporotic properties of different extracts of G. littoralis (leaf and stem, fruit, whole plant, and root extracts) on bone metabolism. This study analyzed G. littoralis extract effects on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Among the different tested samples, stem extracts had the highest scopoletin (53.0 mg/g), and umbelliferone (1.60 mg/g). The significantly (p < 0.05) highest amounts of imperatorin (31.9 mg/g) and phellopterin (2.3 mg/g), were observed in fruit and whole plant extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the results confirmed alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, mineralization, osteocalcin content, and osterix and RUNX2 expression. G. littoralis extracts at concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL had particularly adverse effects on MC3T3-E1 cell viability and proliferation. Notably, cell proliferation was significantly elevated at lower G. littoralis concentrations. Comparatively, 0.5 µg/mL stem had a higher osteocalcin content. Of the four extract types, stem showed a higher collagen synthesis effect at concentrations of 0.5–5 µg/mL. Except for fruit extracts, G. littoralis extract treatment significantly elevated osterix gene expression. All G. littoralis extracts increased RUNX2 gene expression. The results described here indicate that G. littoralis ethanolic extracts can effectively prevent osteoporosis.

Funder

Hwajin Bio Cosmetic

KU research professor program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Process Chemistry and Technology,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),Bioengineering

Reference117 articles.

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5. IOF (International Osteoporosis Foundation) (2014, January 18). Facts and Statistics. International Osteoporosis Foundation Website. Available online: http://www.iofbonehealth.org/factsstatistics.

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