Natural Dyes in Embroideries of Byzantine Tradition, the Collection of Embroidered Aëres and Epitaphioi in the National Museum of Art of Romania

Author:

Petroviciu Irina1ORCID,Cernea Emanuela2,Turcu Iolanda2,Vasilca Silvana3,Vanden Berghe Ina4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Museum of Romanian History (MNIR), 030026 Bucharest, Romania

2. National Museum of Art of Romania (MNAR), 010063 Bucharest, Romania

3. “Horia Hulubei” National Research Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IRASM, 077125 Măgurele, Romania

4. Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, 1000 Brussels, Belgium

Abstract

The medieval textiles collection of the National Museum of Art of Romania (MNAR) has been in place since 1865 and nowadays preserves about 1000 medieval and pre-modern weavings and embroideries. These extremely valuable objects, dated between the 14th and the 19th centuries, are mainly religious embroidered garments and veils with special significance in the Byzantine li-turgy. Ecclesiastical embroideries of Byzantine tradition are characterized by a complex technique: metallic threads with a silk core, metallic wires and coloured silk threads are couched over padding on layers of silk and cellulosic supports so as to create relief through light reflection. The silk sup-ports and the sewing threads are coloured, mainly in red, blue, green and yellow hues, and analytical investigations of the dyes used in embroideries preserved in the MNAR, in the Putna and Sucevița Monasteries, have been released in previous studies by the corresponding author. The present work continues the approach with research into dyes in about 25 aëres and epitaphioi from the MNAR collection. Considering their privileged function in the liturgical ritual, these luxurious pieces embroidered with silver, gilded silver or coloured silk threads and decorated with pearls, sequins or semi-precious stones are the most faithful description of the stylistic and technological evolution of the art of post-Byzantine embroidery in the Romanian provinces. The data resulting from the present research will improve the knowledge regarding this topic. Dye analysis was performed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection, while fibres were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (with attenuated total reflectance) and optical microscopy. The biological sources identified—carminic acid-based dyes, redwood, dyer’s broom, weld, indigo-based dyes––will be discussed in correspondence with their use in the embroidery technique: support, lining and embroidery threads, together with other sources previously reported on Byzantine embroideries in Romanian collections, and in similar objects preserved at Holy Mount Athos.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference47 articles.

1. Cernea, E., and Damian, I. (2019). La broderie de tradition byzantine en Roumanie (XIVe–XVIIe siècle). Broderies de Tradition Byzantine en Roumanie XVe au XVIIe Siècle. Autour de l’Étendard d’Étienne le Grand, InFine éditions; Louvre éditions.

2. Petroviciu, I., Wouters, J., Vanden Berghe, I., and Crețu, I. (2017). Dyes in Some Textiles from the Romanian Medieval Art Gallery. The Diversity of Dyes in History and Archaeology, Archetype Publications.

3. Petroviciu, I., Vanden Berghe, I., Crețu, I., and Wouters, J. (2017). Dye Analysis on Some 15th-Century Byzantine Embroideries. The Diversity of Dyes in History and Archaeology, Archetype Publications.

4. Petroviciu, I., Vanden Berghe, I., Crețu, I., and Wouters, J. (2017). Analysis of Dyestuffs in 15th-17th Century Byzantine Embroideries from Putna Monastery, Romania. The Diversity of Dyes in History and Archaeology, Archetype Publications.

5. The use of LC-MS in the identification of natural dyes in the epitaphios from Sucevita Monastery (15th Century);Petroviciu;Rev. Roum. Chim.,2011

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