Beyond Heritage Science: A Review

Author:

Kennedy Craig J.1,Penman Michael2,Watkinson David3,Emmerson Nicola3ORCID,Thickett David4,Bosché Frédéric5ORCID,Forster Alan M.1ORCID,Grau-Bové Josep6,Cassar May6

Affiliation:

1. School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK

2. Division of History, Heritage and Politics, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK

3. School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Archaeology and Conservation Section, Cardiff University, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff CF10 3EU, Wales, UK

4. English Heritage, Rangers House, Chesterfield Walk, London SE10 8QX, England, UK

5. Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, William Rankin Building, Robert Stevenson Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, Scotland, UK

6. Institute for Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, England, UK

Abstract

Heritage science is an established and thriving field of enquiry. Initially considered as inherently cross-disciplinary, encompassing both the needs of conservators and practitioners and the high-quality evidence produced by scientists, heritage science has, through its expansion in recent years, formed a discipline in its own right. Here, we examine how heritage science can, and to an extent has, moved beyond the straightforward scientific analysis of historical materials and artefacts through an exploration of heritage science’s interactions with four key themes: (i) historical and archival research, (ii) conservation practice, (iii) policy at governmental, organisational and institutional levels, and (iv) a view to how new technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, can shape the future of heritage science. Much of the review narrative is framed via the analysis of UK-based case studies; however, they deal with issues that are international in nature (universal) and therefore transcend the UK context. Taken together, we demonstrate that heritage science as a discipline is capable of directly instigating or (re-)framing new areas or avenues of research, as well as enhancing and feeding into existing research questions, and has adapted and evolved along with emerging technologies and funding opportunities.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference153 articles.

1. (2024, January 11). House of Lords Science and Technology Committee, 9th Report of Session 2005–06 ‘Science and Heritage’, Report with Ev-idence. Available online: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldsctech/256/256.pdf.

2. Valentini, F., Calcaterra, A., Antonaroli, S., and Talamo, M. (2018). Smart Portable Devices Suitable for Cultural Heritage: A Review. Sensors, 18.

3. Portable Spectroscopy for Cultural Heritage: Applications and Practical Challenges;Crocombe;Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry Volume 2: X-ray, NMR and MS Instrumentation and Applications,2021

4. Edwards, B., Horsfield, F., and Stacey, R. (2024, January 11). Scoping a UK Heritage Science Infrastructure. Priorities, Risks and Values. A Report to the Arts and Humanities Research Council. Technical Report. Zenodo. Available online: https://zenodo.org/records/6535848#.Y707GXbP1PY.

5. (2024, January 11). Our Vision and Strategy for Heritage Science. Available online: https://www.heritagescienceforum.org.uk/documents/nhss_vision_strategy_web.pdf.

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