The Role of Italy in the Use of Advanced Plant Genomic Techniques on Fruit Trees: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Author:

Nerva LucaORCID,Dalla Costa Lorenza,Ciacciulli AngeloORCID,Sabbadini SilviaORCID,Pavese VeraORCID,Dondini Luca,Vendramin Elisa,Caboni Emilia,Perrone Irene,Moglia AndreaORCID,Zenoni Sara,Michelotti Vania,Micali Sabrina,La Malfa StefanoORCID,Gentile Alessandra,Tartarini Stefano,Mezzetti BrunoORCID,Botta RobertoORCID,Verde IgnazioORCID,Velasco RiccardoORCID,Malnoy Mickael Arnaud,Licciardello Concetta

Abstract

Climate change is deeply impacting the food chain production, lowering quality and yield. In this context, the international scientific community has dedicated many efforts to enhancing resilience and sustainability in agriculture. Italy is among the main European producers of several fruit trees; therefore, national research centers and universities undertook several initiatives to maintain the specificity of the ‘Made in Italy’ label. Despite their importance, fruit crops are suffering from difficulties associated with the conventional breeding approaches, especially in terms of financial commitment, land resources availability, and long generation times. The ‘new genomic techniques’ (NGTs), renamed in Italy as ‘technologies for assisted evolution’ (TEAs), reduce the time required to obtain genetically improved cultivars while precisely targeting specific DNA sequences. This review aims to illustrate the role of the Italian scientific community in the use of NGTs, with a specific focus on Citrus, grapevine, apple, pear, chestnut, strawberry, peach, and kiwifruit. For each crop, the key genes and traits on which the scientific community is working, as well as the technological improvements and advancements on the regeneration of local varieties, are presented. Lastly, a focus is placed on the legal aspects in the European and in Italian contexts.

Funder

Italian Ministry of Agriculture Food and Forestry

Horizon 2020 MSCA RISE

Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino

Autonomous Province of Trento

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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