Porcelain Ceramic Tile Manufactured with the Addition of Hydroxyapatite in Ceramic Formulations

Abstract

In this study, we developed formulations of a clay, kaolin, quartz, talc, and feldspar ceramic coating as a standard formulation, with the addition of Hap to improve the mechanical characteristics of the final product. The addition of Hap will help to fill the gaps in the formulation. Furthermore, it could lower the sintering temperature due to the high presence of calcium oxide in its composition. The main mineralogical phases (mullite, quartz, and anorthite) were identified in the sintered samples by X-ray diffraction. After evaluating the physical–mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and resistance to flexion), the incorporation of Hap (5% in weight, 10% in weight, and 20% in weight) significantly altered the physical and mechanical properties of the final product, where we obtained, in relation to the standard formulation, an increase of more than 15% in mechanical resistance.