Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System
Author:
Dutta Monica1, Gupta Deepali1ORCID, Sahu Sangeeta2, Limkar Suresh3ORCID, Singh Pawan4, Mishra Ashutosh5ORCID, Kumar Manoj6ORCID, Mutlu Rahim67ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India 2. Department of Chemistry, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Raipur 493661, India 3. Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune 411001, India 4. Department of Computer Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India 5. School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea 6. Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 20183, United Arab Emirates 7. Intelligent Robotics & Autonomous Systems Co. (iR@SC), RA Engineering, Shellharbour, NSW 2529, Australia
Abstract
Smart sensing devices enabled hydroponics, a concept of vertical farming that involves soilless technology that increases green area. Although the cultivation medium is water, hydroponic cultivation uses 13 ± 10 times less water and gives 10 ± 5 times better quality products compared with those obtained through the substrate cultivation medium. The use of smart sensing devices helps in continuous real-time monitoring of the nutrient requirements and the environmental conditions required by the crop selected for cultivation. This, in turn, helps in enhanced year-round agricultural production. In this study, lettuce, a leafy crop, is cultivated with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup of hydroponics, and the growth results are compared with cultivation in a substrate medium. The leaf growth was analyzed in terms of cultivation cycle, leaf length, leaf perimeter, and leaf count in both cultivation methods, where hydroponics outperformed substrate cultivation. The results of the ‘AquaCrop simulator also showed similar results, not only qualitatively and quantitatively, but also in terms of sustainable growth and year-round production. The energy consumption of both the cultivation methods is compared, and it is found that hydroponics consumes 70 ± 11 times more energy compared to substrate cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that smart sensing devices form the backbone of precision agriculture, thereby multiplying crop yield by real-time monitoring of the agronomical variables.
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Biochemistry,Instrumentation,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Analytical Chemistry
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