Effectiveness of Gold Nanorods of Different Sizes in Photothermal Therapy to Eliminate Melanoma and Glioblastoma Cells

Author:

Domingo-Diez Javier1,Souiade Lilia1ORCID,Manzaneda-González Vanesa2,Sánchez-Díez Marta13,Megias Diego4ORCID,Guerrero-Martínez Andrés2ORCID,Ramírez-Castillejo Carmen1356ORCID,Serrano-Olmedo Javier178ORCID,Ramos-Gómez Milagros1789ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain

2. Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

3. Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

4. Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, UCCTs, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain

5. Departamento Biotecnología-B.V. ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

6. Departamento de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain

7. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

8. Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain

9. Experimental Neurology Unit, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo s/n, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Gold nanorods are the most commonly used nanoparticles in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment due to their high efficiency in converting light into heat. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of gold nanorods of different sizes (large and small) in eliminating two types of cancer cell: melanoma and glioblastoma cells. After establishing the optimal concentration of nanoparticles and determining the appropriate time and power of laser irradiation, photothermal therapy was applied to melanoma and glioblastoma cells, resulting in the highly efficient elimination of both cell types. The efficiency of the PTT was evaluated using several methods, including biochemical analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The dehydrogenase activity, as well as calcein-propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, were employed to determine the cell viability and the type of cell death triggered by the PTT. The melanoma cells exhibited greater resistance to photothermal therapy, but this resistance was overcome by irradiating cells at physiological temperatures. Our findings revealed that the predominant cell-death pathway activated by the photothermal therapy mediated by gold nanorods was apoptosis. This is advantageous as the presence of apoptotic cells can stimulate antitumoral immunity in vivo. Considering the high efficacy of these gold nanorods in photothermal therapy, large nanoparticles could be useful for biofunctionalization purposes. Large nanorods offer a greater surface area for attaching biomolecules, thereby promoting high sensitivity and specificity in recognizing target cancer cells. Additionally, large nanoparticles could also be beneficial for theranostic applications, involving both therapy and diagnosis, due to their superior detection sensitivity.

Funder

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain

European Union-NextGenerationEU

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

Reference61 articles.

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