Association of Air Pollution with the Number of Common Respiratory Visits in Children in a Heavily Polluted Central City, China

Author:

Wang Dan12,Wang Yanan3,Liu Qianqian12,Sun Wenxin3,Wei Liangkui12,Ye Chengxin12,Zhu Rencheng3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Emergency Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China

2. Emergency Department, Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Henan, Zhengzhou 450014, China

3. School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Abstract

Children’s respiratory health is vulnerable to air pollution. Based on data collected from June 2019 to June 2022 at a children’s hospital in Zhengzhou, China, this study utilized Spearman correlation analysis and a generalized additive model (GAM) to examine the relationship between daily visits for common respiratory issues in children and air pollutant concentrations. Results show that the number of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia (PNMN), bronchitis (BCT), and bronchiolitis (BCLT) visits in children showed a positive correlation with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO while exhibiting a negative correlation with temperature and relative humidity. The highest increases in PNMN visits in children were observed at lag 07 for NO2, SO2, and CO. A rise of 10 μg/m3 in NO2, 1 μg/m3 in SO2, and 0.1 mg/m3 in CO corresponded to an increase of 9.7%, 2.91%, and 5.16% in PNMN visits, respectively. The effects of air pollutants on the number of BCT and BCLT visits were more pronounced in boys compared to girls, whereas no significant differences were observed in the number of URTI and PNMN visits based on sex. Overall, air pollutants significantly affect the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children, and it is crucial to improve air quality to protect the children’s respiratory health.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province

University Key Research Project of Henan Province

Young Backbone Teacher Training Program of Zhengzhou University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemical Health and Safety,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology

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