The Influence of Various Preparation Parameters on the Histological Image of Bone Tissue during Implant Bed Preparation—An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to present the level of bone tissue deformation after drilling under variable conditions in three different dental implant systems in a microscopic analysis. Straumann, Osstem, and S-Wide systems were used to drill boreholes in 27 porcine ribs at three different rotation speeds and under three different cooling conditions. The material was analyzed using a Nikon 80i microscope. The analysis concerned the morphological quality of the obtained boreholes. The statistical analysis revealed that satisfactory results in all drilling systems were obtained when the rotational speed did not exceed 800 revolutions per minute (rpm) regardless of the cooling temperature. However, increased rotational speed and cooling at 4 °C produced better results than without cooling in all the tested systems. Different implant systems have unique drill geometry and therefore generate differences in tissue damage under various conditions. In the experiment, a sufficient required structure was obtained in all systems, but the Straumann system yielded the best results under all the examined conditions.