Affiliation:
1. School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
2. Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based tissue engineering strategies are precisely designed and tweaked to contest specific patient needs and their end applications. Though theragnostic is a radical term very eminent in cancer prognosis, of late, theragnostic approaches have been explored in the fields of tissue remodulation and reparation. The engineering of theragnostic nanomaterials has opened up avenues for disease diagnosis, imaging, and therapeutic treatments. The instantaneous monitoring of therapeutic strategy is expected to co-deliver imaging and pharmaceutical agents at the same time, and nanoscale carrier moieties are convenient and efficient platforms in theragnostic applications, especially in soft and hard tissue regeneration. Furthermore, imaging modalities have extensively contributed to the signal-to-noise ratio. Simultaneously, there is an accumulation of high concentrations of therapeutic mediators at the defect site. Given the confines of contemporary bone diagnostic systems, the clinical rationale demands nano/biomaterials that can localize to bone-diseased sites to enhance the precision and prognostic value for osteoporosis, non-healing fractures, and/or infections, etc. Furthermore, bone theragnostics may have an even greater clinical impact and multimodal imaging procedures can overcome the restrictions of individual modalities. The present review introduces representative theragnostic polymeric nanomaterials and their advantages and disadvantages in practical use as well as their unique properties.
Reference119 articles.
1. Progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine;Badylak;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,2010
2. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Recent innovations and the transition to translation;Fisher;Tissue Eng. Part B Rev.,2013
3. Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: A review;Pina;Adv. Mater.,2015
4. Bone tissue regeneration: Biology, strategies and interface studies;Ansari;Prog. Biomater.,2019
5. Anjum, S., Rahman, F., Pandey, P., Arya, D.K., Alam, M., Rajinikanth, P.S., and Ao, Q. (2022). Electrospun biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds: A promising prospect for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.