Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Collagen, Gelatin, and the Derived Peptides from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin

Abstract

Skin waste from tuna processing needs to be utilized, such as extraction of its collagen and gelatin. Their functional properties can be improved by enzymatic hydrolysis for conversion to peptides. Thus, the research objectives were to examine the characteristics and antioxidant activity of collagen, gelatin, and the derived peptide from yellowfin tuna skin. Collagen was extracted using 0.75 M acetic acid at 4 °C, while gelatin was prepared using 0.25% citric acid and extracted at 65 °C. Hydrolysis was carried out with 2% Alcalase, followed by fractionation with a molecular weight cut off sieve for both collagen and gelatin. Collagen yield was 22.6% with pH value of 6.63 and whiteness of 96.7%. Gelatin yield was 20.0% with pH value of 4.94 and whiteness of 51.0%. Hydrolysis for three hours resulted in 52.7% and 45.2% degree of hydrolysis for collagen and gelatin, respectively. The molecular weights of collagen peptides ranged from 2.94 to 11.93 kDa, while those of gelatin peptides ranged from 3.54 to 16,620 kDa. Antioxidant activities of these peptides were higher than those before hydrolysis. The high antioxidant activity (IC50) of collagen peptides were found in <3, 3–10, and 10–30 kDa fractions as well as in the gelatin peptides.