Altered Levels of Desaturation and ω-6 Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer Patients’ Red Blood Cell Membranes

Abstract

Red blood cell (RBC) membrane can reflect fatty acid (FA) contribution from diet and biosynthesis. In cancer, membrane FAs are involved in tumorigenesis and invasiveness, and are indicated as biomarkers to monitor the disease evolution as well as potential targets for therapies and nutritional strategies. The present study provides RBC membrane FA profiles in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients before starting chemotherapy treatment. Patients and controls were recruited, and their dietary habits were collected. FA lipidomic analysis of mature erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in blood samples was performed. Data were adjusted to correct for the effects of diet, body mass index (BMI), and age, revealing that patients showed lower levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid, cis-vaccenic (25%) than controls, with consequent differences in desaturase enzymatic index (∆9 desaturase, –13.1%). In the case of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), patients had higher values of ω-6 FA (C18:2 (+11.1%); C20:4 (+7.4%)). RBC membrane lipidomic analysis in breast cancer revealed that ω-6 pathways are favored. These results suggest new potential targets for treatments and better nutritional guidelines.