An 1H NMR- and MS-Based Study of Metabolites Profiling of Garden Snail Helix aspersa Mucus

Abstract

Metabolic profiling based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied with the aim to investigate the functional role of the metabolites in lyophilized mucus from the garden snail Helix aspersa. Twenty metabolites were unambiguously identified by 1H, 1D TOCSY, 2D J-resolved, 2D COSY, and 2D HSQC NMR spectra with water suppression. The metabolic profiles of two fractions with low molecular weight (Mw < 1 kDa and Mw < 3 kDa) are very similar. Metabolites with known antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial activity were detected by NMR metabolic analysis of mucus samples from Helix aspersa. Some of them were confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. The primary structure of several peptides was identified in low molecular weight fractions (Mw < 1 kDa) by tandem mass spectrometry.