Physiological and Cellular Ultrastructural Responses of Isatis indigotica Fort. under Salt Stress

Author:

Wu Shuang12,Jia Xiuwen2,Tian Beijing2,Zhang Feng2,Zhao Jingying2,Xie Xinjing3,Shan Chenggang2,Wang Huimei4,Guo Xiaorui1,Han Jinlong2

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin 150040, China

2. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China

3. Shandong Xieshi Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd., Heze 274000, China

4. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Hangzhou 311300, China

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effects of salt stress on the growth physiology and plant-cell ultrastructure of Isatis indigotica Fort. (I. indigotica) to evaluate its adaptability under salt stress. The effects of different concentrations of salt (NaCl; 0, 25, and 300 mmol·L−1) on the agronomic traits, activities of related enzymes, ion balance, and mesophyll-cell ultrastructure of I. indigotica were studied in a controlled pot experiment. Results showed that compared with those of the control group, the aerial-part fresh weight, underground fresh weight, tiller number, root length, root diameter, plant height, and leaf area of salt-stressed I. indigotica increased at 25 mmol·L−1 and then decreased at 300 mmol·L−1. The changes in levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase showed a similar trend, with significant differences compared with control group. Salt stress altered the ion balance of I. indigotica, resulting in a significant increase in Na+ content and a significant decrease in K+ content. The contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ changed to varying degrees. The analysis of the microstructure of the root showed that under salt treatment, the epidermal cells of the root significantly thickened and the diameter of the xylem decreased. The results of ultrastructural analysis of mesophylls showed that salt stress can cause cell-membrane contraction, cell-gap enlargement, disorder in the structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and an increase in the number of osmiophilic particles. These changes were aggravated by the increase in NaCl concentration. This study reveals the response of I. indigotica to salt stress and provides a basis for further study on the salt-tolerance mechanism of I. indigotica.

Funder

Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province

Seed-Industrialized Development Program in Shandong Province

Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology System Chinese Herbal Medicine Industrial Innovation Team

High-quality development science and technology demonstration project of ‘medicine + food’ health industry

Publisher

MDPI AG

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