Pollinator Diversity and Phenological Interplay: Exploring Mineral, Hormonal, Sugar, and Vitamin Contents in Vitis vinifera L. cv Bozcaada Çavuşu
Author:
Kaya Ozkan12ORCID, Delavar Hava2ORCID, Ates Fadime3ORCID, Sahin Muge4ORCID, Keskin Nurhan5, Yilmaz Turhan6, Turan Metin7ORCID, Hatterman-Valenti Harlene2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 24060 Erzincan, Türkiye 2. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA 3. Manisa Viticulture Research Institute, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 45125 Manisa, Türkiye 4. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Türkiye 5. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65090 Van, Türkiye 6. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, 46040 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye 7. Faculty of Economy and Administrative Science, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Türkiye
Abstract
Unraveling the intricate physiological and biochemical intricacies associated with female dominance in grape berries across diverse developmental stages is imperative for optimizing grape production and ensuring the attainment of high-quality yields. This study conducted a thorough analysis of grape berries across phenological stages (BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-89) and cultivars. At BBCH-89, Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki demonstrated the highest berry weight and total soluble solids (TSS) levels, emphasizing its enological potential. Acidity peaked at BBCH-79 (28.16) and declined at BBCH-89 (6.11), signaling a shift towards lower acidity in later stages. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently showed the highest maturity index (MI). Mineral content variations were observed across nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often having the highest concentrations, particularly in potassium, calcium, and boron. Hormonal analysis revealed a significant surge in concentrations at BBCH-89, with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki standing out. Notably, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations increased by 106%, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels peaked at BBCH-79 with a 38% increase in Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra. Sugar content analysis showed variations in fructose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose levels across sampling times and cultivars. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently exhibited higher sugar levels, especially at BBCH-81 and BBCH-89. Vitamin concentrations varied temporally and among cultivars, with BBCH-89 displaying the highest vitamin A concentration (6.24 mg/100 g FW), and Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often exhibiting maximum values for vitamin B1, B2, B6, and C. Further research and targeted cultivation practices focusing on the unique attributes of Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki could enhance grape production efficiency, emphasizing its potential contribution to achieving consistently high-quality yields across various phenological stages.
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