Genetic Diversity and Structure of Terminalia bellerica (Gaertn. Roxb.) Population in India as Revealed by Genetic Analysis
Author:
Umesh Kanna Subramani1, Parthiban Kalappan Thangamuthu2, Senthilraja Kandasamy3ORCID, Venkatesan Subramanian3ORCID, Udhaya Nandhini Dhandayuthapani4ORCID, Mohan Kumar Shanmugam5ORCID, Dhasarathan Manickam5, Kumaresan Palaniyappan6, Sai Makkena Jaswanth2, Raveendran Muthurajan3ORCID, Geethalakshmi Vellingiri5ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Directorate of Planning and Monitoring, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 2. Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam 641 301, Tamil Nadu, India 3. Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 4. Centre of Excellence in Sustaining Soil Health, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy 620 027, Tamil Nadu, India 5. Agro-Climatic Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 6. Centre for Water and Geospatial Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
In this study, an extensive exploration survey of wild progeny was conducted which yielded 18 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Terminalia bellerica. Seeds of these CPTs were collected from diverse locations between 10°54′ and 28°07′ E longitude, and 76°27′ and 95°32′ N latitude, covering 18 different locations across 5 states of the Indian subcontinent. The objective of the progeny trial was to assess genetic associations and variability in growth and physio-chemical characteristics. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed among the growth traits, encompassing plant height, basal diameter, girth at breast height and volume, as well as physio-chemical characteristics such as leaf length, width, area and chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and protein in the progeny trial. Broad-sense heritability (h2b) estimates were consistently high, exceeding 80% for all growth and physiological related traits under investigation except for plant height, leaf length, and girth at breast height. A correlation study revealed that selecting based on plant height, leaf area, and girth at breast height effectively enhances T. bellerica volume. A moderate genetic advance in percent of the mean (GAM) was observed for most traits, except leaf length, leaf width, girth at breast height, and plant height. Across all 13 traits, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) surpassed genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram construction categorized the genotypes into seven distinct groups. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that targeting girth at breast height and plant height would be a highly effective strategy for the establishment of elite seedling nurseries and clonal seed nurseries for varietal and hybridization programs in the future.
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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