Unlocking Nature’s Secrets: Molecular Insights into Postharvest Pathogens Impacting Moroccan Apples and Innovations in the Assessment of Storage Conditions

Author:

Khadiri Mohammed12,Boubaker Hassan2ORCID,Laasli Salah-Eddine1ORCID,Farhaoui Abdelaaziz13,Ezrari Said4ORCID,Radouane Nabil5ORCID,Radi Mohammed16ORCID,Askarne Latifa2ORCID,Barka Essaid Ait7ORCID,Lahlali Rachid1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco

2. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Protection des Végétaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zhor, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco

3. Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Resources (BioVaR), Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco

4. Microbiology Unit, Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Oujda, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco

5. African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco

6. Laboratory of Environment and Valorization of Microbial and Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco

7. Induced Resistance and Plant Biosection Research Unit-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Reims Cham-pagne-Ardenne University, 51687 Reims, France

Abstract

Apple production holds a prominent position in Morocco’s Rosaceae family. However, annual production can fluctuate due to substantial losses caused by fungal diseases affecting stored apples. Our findings emphasize that the pre-storage treatment of apples, disinfection of storage facilities, box type, and fruit sorting are pivotal factors affecting apple losses during storage. Additionally, the adopted preservation technique was significantly correlated with the percentage of damage caused by fungal infections. Blue mold accounts for nearly three-quarters of the diseases detected, followed by gray rot with a relatively significant incidence. This study has revealed several fungal diseases affecting stored apples caused by pathogens such as Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium avenaceum, Cadophora malorum, and Neofabraea vagabunda. Notably, these last two fungal species have been reported for the first time in Morocco as pathogens of stored apples. These data affirm that the high losses of apples in Morocco, attributed primarily to P. expansum and B. cinerea, pose a significant threat in terms of reduced production and diminished fruit quality. Hence, adopting controlled atmosphere storage chambers and implementing good practices before apple storage is crucial.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference80 articles.

1. FAOSTAT (2023, May 05). Appel Production Statistic in Morocco. Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/fr/#home.

2. (2023, November 20). Evolution des Superficies et de la Production des Rosacées Fruitières: Ministre de l’agriculture, de la Pêche Maritime, du Développement Rurale et des Eaux et Forêts, Available online: https://www.agriculture.gov.ma/fr/.

3. Barkai-Golan, R. (2001). Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables: Development and Control, Elsevier.

4. Apple storage in ultra-low oxygen cold store;Afif;Int. J. Agric. Res. Innov. Technol.,2019

5. Biologie et physiologie des principaux agents fongiques de la pourriture des pommes en conservation et lutte chimique par l’azoxystrobine;Attrassi;Bull. Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux,2005

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