Strong Invasive Mechanism of Wedelia trilobata via Growth and Physiological Traits under Nitrogen Stress Condition

Author:

Dai Zhi-Cong1234ORCID,Kong Fang-Li2,Li Yi-Fan2,Ullah Riaz5,Ali Essam A.6ORCID,Gul Farrukh2,Du Dao-Lin123,Zhang Yi-Fan2ORCID,Jia Hui2,Qi Shan-Shan7,Uddin Nisar8,Khan Irfan Ullah2

Affiliation:

1. School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China

2. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China

3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

4. Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212018, China

5. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

6. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

7. School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

8. Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most crucial elements for plant growth. However, a deficiency of N affects plant growth and development. Wedelia trilobata is a notorious invasive plant species that exhibits superior tolerance to adapt to environmental stresses. Yet, research on the growth and antioxidant defensive system of invasive Wedelia under low N stress, which could contribute to understanding invasion mechanisms, is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and compare the tolerance capability of invasive and native Wedelia under low and normal N conditions. Native and invasive Wedelia species were grown in normal and low-N conditions using a hydroponic nutrient solution for 8 weeks to assess the photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant activity, and localization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The growth and biomass of W. trilobata were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than W. chinensis under low N. The leaves of W. trilobata resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content by 40.2, 56.2, and 46%, respectively, compared with W. chinensis. W. trilobata significantly enhanced antioxidant defense systems through catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by 18.6%, 20%, and 36.3%, respectively, providing a positive response to oxidative stress caused by low N. The PCA analysis showed that W. trilobata was 95.3% correlated with physiological traits by Dim1 (79.1%) and Dim2 (16.3%). This study provides positive feedback on W. trilobata with respect to its comprehensive invasion mechanism to improve agricultural systems via eco-friendly approaches in N deficit conditions, thereby contributing to the reclamation of barren land.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality technology innovation foundation of Jiangsu Province

Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

Special Scientific Research Project of the School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University

King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabi

Publisher

MDPI AG

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