Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria Enhance Cadmium Immobilization and Gene Expression in Wheat Roots to Reduce Cadmium Uptake

Author:

Kan Delong1,Tian Minyu1,Ruan Ying1,Han Hui2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Hunan Provincial on Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for the Water Source Region of the Mid-Line of the South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China

Abstract

The application of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is an effective method for increasing the available phosphorus content and inhibiting wheat uptake of heavy metals. However, further research is needed on the mechanism by which phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake in wheat roots and its impact on the expression of root-related genes. Here, the effects of strain Klebsiella aerogenes M2 on Cd absorption in wheat and the expression of root-related Cd detoxification and immobilization genes were determined. Compared with the control, strain M2 reduced (64.1–64.6%) Cd uptake by wheat roots. Cd fluorescence staining revealed that strain M2 blocked the entry of exogenous Cd into the root interior and enhanced the immobilization of Cd by cell walls. Forty-seven genes related to Cd detoxification, including genes encoding peroxidase, chalcone synthase, and naringenin 3-dioxygenase, were upregulated in the Cd+M2 treatment. Strain M2 enhanced the Cd resistance and detoxification activity of wheat roots through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, strain M2 regulated the expression of genes related to phenylalanine metabolism and the MAPK signaling pathway to enhance Cd immobilization in roots. These results provide a theoretical basis for the use of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria to remediate Cd-contaminated fields and reduce Cd uptake in wheat.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Natural Science Foundation of Henan

Henan Science and Technology Research Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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