Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Arid Land of Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
2. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia
3. Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
Abstract
The salinity of soils and irrigation water is among the main factors that limit plant productivity worldwide. Several alternatives have been proposed to get around this problem. However, these alternatives have faced difficulties in their implementation. As an alternative, the adverse effects of salinity on crop yield can be minimized by selecting species and varieties better adapted to salinity and/or by finding priming agents that give plants a certain tolerance during the vegetative and reproductive stages. The latter are strictly dependent on germination and seedling establishment. For this purpose, a laboratory experiment was conducted on three Tunisian wheat cultivars (Karim, Razeg, and Maali) subjected to moderate salinity stress (MSS, 5 g L−1 NaCl), severe salinity stress (SSS, 10 g L−1 NaCl), or control (0 NaCl) after soaking the seeds in a solution of KNO3 or ZnSO4 (0.5 g L−1). Salinity stress significantly decreased germination capacity (GC) and induced osmotic stress under MSS, which declined under SSS in favor of toxic stress. Pretreatment of seeds with KNO3 or ZnSO4 alleviated the toxic effect, and seedlings recovered initial vigor and GC even under SSS. The Karim cultivar showed better tolerance to salinity and a higher ability to react to priming agents. The calculated sensitivity tolerance index (STI) based on germination capacity, seedling growth, and initial vigor decreased in all cultivars under salt stress; however, this parameter clearly discriminated the studied cultivars. Karim was the most tolerant as compared to Razeg and Maali. We conclude that halopriming provides a benefit by alleviating the harmful effects of salt toxicity and that cultivars differ in their response to priming and extent of salt stress. KNO3 and ZnSO4 effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling establishment while significantly improving initial vigor.
Funder
The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia
PRIMA
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Reference64 articles.
1. Tanji, K.K. (2012). Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management, American Society of Civil Engineers. Chapter 1.
2. Abdelly, C., Öztürk, M., Ashraf, M., and Grignon, C. (2008). Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance, Birkhäuser.
3. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance;Munns;Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.,2008
4. Effect of salt stress on germination and seedling of Vicia faba L.);Benidire;J. Mater. Environ. Sci.,2015
5. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on photosynthesis. and water status of maize plants under salt stress;Sheng;Mycorrhiza,2008