Improving Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Investigating the Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants, and Other Dietary Supplements

Author:

Fekete Mónika1ORCID,Lehoczki Andrea2,Tarantini Stefano1345ORCID,Fazekas-Pongor Vince1,Csípő Tamás1ORCID,Csizmadia Zoltán6,Varga János Tamás7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary

2. National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097 Budapest, Hungary

3. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

4. Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

5. Peggy and Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA

6. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary

7. Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary

Abstract

Cognitive impairment and dementia are burgeoning public health concerns, especially given the increasing longevity of the global population. These conditions not only affect the quality of life of individuals and their families, but also pose significant economic burdens on healthcare systems. In this context, our comprehensive narrative review critically examines the role of nutritional supplements in mitigating cognitive decline. Amidst growing interest in non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive enhancement, this review delves into the efficacy of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other dietary supplements. Through a systematic evaluation of randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analysis, this review focuses on outcomes such as memory enhancement, attention improvement, executive function support, and neuroprotection. The findings suggest a complex interplay between nutritional supplementation and cognitive health, with some supplements showing promising results and others displaying limited or context-dependent effectiveness. The review highlights the importance of dosage, bioavailability, and individual differences in response to supplementation. Additionally, it addresses safety concerns and potential interactions with conventional treatments. By providing a clear overview of current scientific knowledge, this review aims to guide healthcare professionals and researchers in making informed decisions about the use of nutritional supplements for cognitive health.

Funder

National Research, Development and Innovation Fund

Ministry of Innovation and Technology

European University for Well-Being (EUniWell) program

National Institute on Aging

American Heart Association

NIA-supported Geroscience Training Program in Oklahoma

NIA-supported Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center

NIGMS-supported Center of Biomedical Research Excellence

New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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