Emergent and Known Honey Bee Pathogens through Passive Surveillance in the Republic of Kosovo
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Published:2024-01-24
Issue:3
Volume:14
Page:987
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ISSN:2076-3417
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Container-title:Applied Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Applied Sciences
Author:
Hulaj Beqë1ORCID, Granato Anna2ORCID, Bordin Fulvio2ORCID, Goga Izedin3ORCID, Merovci Xhavit1ORCID, Caldon Mauro2, Cana Armend14ORCID, Zulian Laura2ORCID, Colamonico Rosa2, Mutinelli Franco2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Veterinary Laboratory, Food and Veterinary Agency, Industrial Zone, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo 2. National Reference Laboratory for Honey Bee Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy 3. Agricultural and Veterinary Faculty, University of Prishtina, Bulevardi Bill Clinton P.N., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo 4. UBT-Higher Education Institution, Lagjja Kalabria, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
Abstract
In recent years, honey bee colony losses in the Republic of Kosovo remained largely unknown. From 2019 to 2021, 81 apiaries with different disease suspicions were investigated in the framework of honey bee disease passive surveillance. Fifty-nine of the eighty-one apiaries were tested for Vairimorpha ceranae, Vairimorpha apis, trypanosomatids Lotmaria passim, and Crithidia mellificae. All samples were positive for V. ceranae (100%) whereas L. passim was found with a lower frequency (11.9%). V. apis and C. mellificae were not found. Thirteen of the eighty-one apiaries were tested for seven viruses (ABPV, CBPV, DWV, BQCV, SBV, IAPV, KBV) and five of them were found (ABPV, CBPV, DWV, BQCV, SBV). The most frequently detected viruses in honey bees and Varroa mites were DWV (100%) followed by BQCV, ABPV, SBV, and CBPV (92.3%, 69.2%, 30.8%, and 7.7%, respectively). Varroa mite samples had different degrees of co-infection by viruses. Nine of the eighty-one apiaries consisted of brood combs with larvae, eight of them were AFB positive, ERIC I genotype, and one EFB positive. This paper represents the first molecular investigation (PCR) and detection of the honey bee viruses ABPV, CBPV, DWV, BQCV, and SBV as well as V. ceranae, L. passim, and M. plutonius in the Republic of Kosovo.
Subject
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science
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