ZIF-8-Based Nitrogen and Monoatomic Metal Co-Doped Pyrolytic Porous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) receive wide attention owing to their high specific surface area, porosity, and structural designability. In this paper, ZC-Ru and ZC-Cu electrodes loaded with monatomic Ru and Cu doped with nitrogen were prepared by pyrolysis, ion impregnation, and carbonization process using ZIF-8 synthesized by static precipitation as a precursor. ZC-Cu has a high specific surface area of 859.78 m2 g−1 and abundant heteroatoms O (10.04%) and N (13.9%), showing the specific capacitance of 222.21 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in three-electrode system, and low equivalent series resistance (Rct: 0.13 Ω), indicating excellent energy storage capacity and electrical conductivity. After 10,000 cycles at 1 A g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte, it still has an outstanding capacitance retention of 99.42%. Notably, symmetric supercapacitors ZC-Cu//ZC-Cu achieved the maximum power density and energy density of 485.12 W·kg−1 and 1.61 Wh·kg−1, respectively, positioning ZC-Cu among the forefront of previously known MOF-based electrode materials. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of ZC-Cu in the supercapacitor industry and provides a facile approach to the treatment of transition metal.