1. Key Laboratory of West China’s Environment Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Observation and Research Station on Eco-Environment of Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
4. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
5. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark