An Environmentally Friendly Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Strategy for Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate

Author:

Hou Shaochun123,Zhang Bo23,Li Wenjun1,Zhao Tuo23,Da Zongyang23,Liu Chenghong23

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100080, China

2. Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014060, China

3. State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou 014060, China

Abstract

A novel environmentally friendly one-step decomposition strategy for mixed rare earth concentrate of Bayan Obo in sulfuric acid solution was proposed in this work. In this process, more than 84% of bastnasite and monazite were decomposed in the leaching step at a temperature lower than the boiling point of sulfuric acid solution. So, the dilapidation of sulfuric acid in this current proposed process will be reduced to a large extent. The stability region of rare earth ion in the RE(La, Ce, Nd)-F-P-SO4-H2O system at 170 °C has been proven through Eh-pH diagrams. The factors influencing decomposition of rare earth concentrate in this process were also investigated and the optimal leaching conditions were determined to be a leaching temperature of 170 °C with an ore/acid ratio of 1:5 (g/mL), a sulfuric acid concentrate of 75% and a leaching time of 80 min. The mineralogical changes occurring during the H2SO4 leaching process were investigated by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS. The analysis results showed that bastnasite and most of monazite had been decomposed, leaving only a small amount of monazite in the leaching residue.

Funder

Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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