Enrichment Factors and Metallogenic Models of Critical Metals in Late Permian Coal Measures from Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi Provinces

Author:

Cao Bo123,Fu Xuehai3,Kang Junqiang3,Tang Pan2,Xu Hui1

Affiliation:

1. China National Administration of Coal Geology, Jiangsu Mineral Resources and Geological Design and Research Institute, Xuzhou 221006, China

2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construction Technology, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

3. Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process (Ministry of Education), School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Abstract

The Late Permian coal measures in eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou, and central Guangxi are significantly enriched in critical metals that could serve as important supplements to conventional critical metal deposits in China. This study collected previous geochronological and geochemical data from the Late Permian coal measures to evaluate the distribution characteristics and enrichment factors of critical metals. Moreover, metallogenic models for critical metals were also developed. The results showed that Late Permian coal measures in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces exhibited abnormal enrichment in Nb, Zr, and rare earth elements (REY, or REE if Y is excluded). The Emeishan mafic rocks and intermediate-felsic volcanic ash from the Truong Son orogenic belt underwent chemical weathering, with Nb and Zr selectively preserved in situ in the form of heavy minerals (e.g., rutile, zircon, and anatase), which subsequently led to the enrichment of Nb and Zr in bauxite and Al-claystone at the bottom of the Late Permian coal measures. Intermediate-felsic volcanic ash from the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) and the Truong Son orogenic belt supplied Nb, Zr, and REY for the middle and upper parts of the Late Permian coal measures. The intermediate-felsic mineral material of the coal measures in the intermediate zone, outer zone, and outside zone of ELIP are derived mainly from the ELIP, the mixture from ELIP and the Truong Son orogenic belt, and the Truong Son orogenic belts, respectively. Nb, Zr, and REY were leached by acidic aqueous solutions and from the parting and roof into underlying coal seams, where they deposited as authigenic minerals or adsorbed ions on organic matter during early coalification.

Funder

Science and Technology Project of Xuzhou

Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construction Technology

Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects in Jiangsu Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

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