The Joint Effects of Bisphenols and Iodine Exposure on Thyroid during Pregnancy

Author:

Lu Wei1,Sun Zhuo1,Wang Zhengyuan1,Qu Mengying1,Shi Zehuan1,Song Qi1,Shen Liping1,Mai Shupeng1,Wang Yuan1,Hong Xinyu1,Zang Jiajie1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the combined effects of bisphenols and iodine exposure on the thyroid gland during pregnancy. We included 162 pregnant women from a cohort established in Shanghai. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, bisphenol B(BPB), bisphenol C(BPC), bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and bisphenol AF(BPAF) were examined. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation models were used. The geometric means of BPA, BPB, BPC, BPF, BPS, BPAF, and ΣBPs levels in urine were 3.03, 0.24, 2.66, 0.36, 0.26, 0.72, and 7.55 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We observed a positive trend in the cumulative effects of BPs and iodine on serum triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), as well as a U-shaped dose–response relationship between BPs and the probability of occurrence of thyroperoxidase autoantibody positivity in women with low urinary iodine concentration. In addition, a synergistic effect on the probability of occurrence of thyroid autoantibody positivity was observed between BPF and BPB, as well as between BPC and BPAF in this study. There were adverse health effects on the thyroid after co-exposure to BPs and iodine. Even if pregnant women were exposed to lower levels of BPs, women with iodine deficiency remained vulnerable to thyroid autoimmune disease.

Funder

Chinese Nutrition Society Yum Brands Health Fund

Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Foundation of Danone Nutrition Center

Top Young Talents in Shanghai

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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