Typology of Production Units for Improving Banana Agronomic Management in Ecuador

Author:

Quiloango-Chimarro Carlos Alberto1,Gioia Henrique Raymundo2ORCID,de Oliveira Costa Jéfferson3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biosystems Engineering Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil

2. Applied Economics Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13425-075, SP, Brazil

3. Experimental Field of Gorutuba, Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Agency (EPAMIG), Nova Porteirinha 39525-000, MG, Brazil

Abstract

Ecuador is one of the world’s leading banana exporters; however, low productivity resulting from inadequate agronomic management requires an analysis of banana production units. This study aimed to define the types of banana production units based on the different agronomic management practices adopted by producers in two Ecuadorian provinces. Data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) for 2021 were used, with a sample of 319 production units. Principal component and cluster analyses were applied to identify the different types of production units, resulting in four types: high technology conventional (Cluster 1), balanced conventional (Cluster 2), intensive conventional (Cluster 3), and agroecological (Cluster 4). It is important to highlight that 58% of the production units are intensive conventional and use an average of 3.5 management practices, with 98% using fertilizers, 100% using fungicides and pesticides, and 45% using improved genotypes. In contrast, agroecological production is still incipient in Ecuador (4.7%). Regression analysis showed that waste is important in high-yield production units in the three clusters. In addition, Cluster 2 relied on regional factors, family labor, and irrigation efficiency, while in intensive conventional farms (Cluster 3), banana yield was related to fungicide application. Therefore, public policies should be customized according to cluster-specific characteristics to optimize agronomic management practices and facilitate their transfer among groups.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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