Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilization Rate for Spring Wheat Due to Carbon Mineralization-Induced Nitrogen Mineralization

Abstract

Using predicted potential N mineralization (PNM) from its relationship with CO2 flush at 1 d incubation (CF) of soil samples in recommended N rates can reduce N fertilization rates for crops. This study used predicted PNM at the 0–15 cm depth to reduce N fertilization rates and examined spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields at two sites (Froid and Sidney) in Montana, USA. Cropping sequences at Froid were fall and spring till continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), no-till continuous spring wheat (NTCW1), no-till spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTWP1), and spring till spring wheat–fallow (STWF). At Sidney, cropping sequences were conventional till spring wheat–fallow (CTWF), no-till spring wheat–fallow (NTWF), no-till continuous spring wheat (NTCW2), and no-till spring wheat–pea (NTWP2). Soil samples collected to a depth of 15 cm in September 2021 at both sites were analyzed for CF, PNM, and NO3-N contents, from which the reduction in N fertilization rate (RNFA) and the amount of N fertilizer applied (ANFA) to 2022 spring wheat were determined. In April 2022, spring wheat was grown with or without predicted PNM and annualized crop yields were compared. The CF and PNM were 114–137% greater for NTWP1 than STWF at Froid and 26–80% greater for NTCW2 than CTWF and NTWF at Sidney. The reduction in N fertilization rate was 26–102% greater for NTWP1 at Froid and 8–10% greater for NTCW2 and NTWF than other cropping sequences at Sidney. Annualized crop yield was 26–60% lower for crop–fallow than continuous cropping, but was not significantly different between with or without PNM at both sites. Using PNM can significantly reduce N fertilization rates for crops while sustaining dryland yields.