Spatial Quantification of Cropland Soil Erosion Dynamics in the Yunnan Plateau Based on Sampling Survey and Multi-Source LUCC Data

Author:

Chen Guokun12ORCID,Zhao Jingjing1,Duan Xingwu345,Tang Bohui126ORCID,Zuo Lijun78,Wang Xiao79ORCID,Guo Qiankun1011

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

2. Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing, Yunnan Provincial Department of Education, Kunming 650093, China

3. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

4. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

5. Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley Water and Soil Conservation Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

6. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

7. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

8. International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China

9. National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics (NCG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

10. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China

11. Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100048, China

Abstract

The mapping and dynamic monitoring of large-scale cropland erosion rates are critical for agricultural planning but extremely challenging. In this study, using field investigation data collected from 20,155 land parcels in 2817 sample units in the National Soil Erosion Survey, as well as land use change data for two decades from the National Land Use/Cover Database of China (NLUD-C), we proposed a new point-to-surface approach to quantitatively assess long-term cropland erosion based on the CSLE model and non-homologous data voting. The results show that cropland in Yunnan suffers from serious problems, with an unsustainable mean soil erosion rate of 40.47 t/(ha·a) and an erosion ratio of 70.11%, which are significantly higher than those of other land types. Engineering control measures (ECMS) have a profound impact on reducing soil erosion; the soil erosion rates of cropland with and without ECMs differ more than five-fold. Over the past two decades, the cropland area in Yunnan has continued to decrease, with a net reduction of 7461.83 km2 and a ratio of −10.55%, causing a corresponding 0.32 × 108 t (12.12%) reduction in cropland soil loss. We also quantified the impact of different LUCC scenarios on cropland erosion, and extraordinarily high variability was found in soil loss in different basins and periods. Conversion from cropland to forest contributes the most to cropland erosion reduction, while conversion from grassland to cropland contributes 56.18% of the increase in soil erosion. Considering the current speed of cropland regulation, it is the sharp reduction in land area that leads to cropland erosion reduction rather than treatments. The choice between the Grain for Green Policy and Cropland Protecting Strategy in mountainous areas should be made carefully, with understanding and collaboration between different roles.

Funder

Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province

Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

MDPI AG

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