Effect of Pulse Frequency on the Microstructure and the Degradation of Pulse Electroformed Zinc for Fabricating the Shell of Biodegradable Dosing Pump

Abstract

In this work, we applied single-pulse electrodeposition method to prepare biodegradable zinc coating for the shell of an implantable dosing pump, and explored the effect of pulse frequency on microstructures and degradation behavior of electroformed zinc. Samples were produced by single-pulse electro-deposition technique with different pulse frequencies (50 Hz, 100 Hz, and 1000 Hz). By controlling the pulse frequency, the thickness of the zinc coating can be adjusted. The 50 Hz produced zinc film possesses strong (11.0) grain orientation, 100 Hz produced zinc film possesses clear ((11.0) and (10.0)) grain orientations, yet 1000 Hz produced zinc film shows more random grain orientations of (10.0), (10.1), and (11.0), which provides a possible way to design a controllable nanometer surface microtopography. Although thermodynamic degradation tendency implied from open current corrosion voltage were similar, the kinetic corrosion rate showed a clear increasing trend as pulse frequency increased from 50 Hz to 1000 Hz, which corresponded with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and long-term soaking test in hanks solution. According to ISO 10993-5:2009 and ISO 10993-4:2002, electrodeposited zinc materials produced in this study showed a benign hemolysis ratio and no toxicity for cell growth. Zinc prepared under 50 Hz shows the best blood compatibility. Electrodeposited zinc materials are expected to be used for the shell of a degradable dosing pump.