Label-Free Saliva Test for Rapid Detection of Coronavirus Using Nanosensor-Enabled SERS

Author:

Ganesh Swarna123,Dhinakaran Ashok Kumar123,Premnath Priyatha4,Venkatakrishnan Krishnan123,Tan Bo125ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada

2. Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada

3. Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada

4. Department of biomedical engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA

5. Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada

Abstract

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the inadequacies of existing diagnostic techniques and the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic systems. Although molecular tests such as RT-PCR are the gold standard, they cannot be employed as point-of-care testing systems. Hence, a rapid, noninvasive diagnostic technique such as Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising analytical technique for rapid molecular or viral diagnosis. Here, we have designed a SERS- based test to rapidly diagnose SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. Physical methods synthesized the nanostructured sensor. It significantly increased the detection specificity and sensitivity by ~ten copies/mL of viral RNA (~femtomolar concentration of nucleic acids). Our technique combines the multiplexing capability of SERS with the sensitivity of novel nanostructures to detect whole virus particles and infection-associated antibodies. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the test with saliva samples from individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with a specificity of 95%. The SERS—based test provides a promising breakthrough in detecting potential mutations that may come up with time while also preparing the world to deal with other pandemics in the future with rapid response and very accurate results.

Funder

NSERC Alliance Grants

NeuronicWorks Inc.

NSERC Discovery Grants

Dean’s Research Fund, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, Toronto Metropolitan University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Bioengineering

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