A Novel and Noninvasive Risk Assessment Score and Its Child-to-Adult Trajectories to Screen Subclinical Renal Damage in Middle Age

Author:

Chen Chen12,Liu Guanzhi3,Chu Chao12,Zheng Wenling12,Ma Qiong12,Liao Yueyuan12,Yan Yu12,Sun Yue12,Wang Dan12,Mu Jianjun12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China

2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China

3. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a noninvasive, economical and effective subclinical renal damage (SRD) risk assessment tool to identify high-risk asymptomatic people from a large-scale population and improve current clinical SRD screening strategies. Based on the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort, SRD-associated variables were identified and the SRD risk assessment score model was established and further validated with machine learning algorithms. Longitudinal follow-up data were used to identify child-to-adult SRD risk score trajectories and to investigate the relationship between different trajectory groups and the incidence of SRD in middle age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and body mass index were identified as SRD-associated variables. Based on these three variables, an SRD risk assessment score was developed, with excellent classification ability (AUC value of ROC curve: 0.778 for SRD estimation, 0.729 for 4-year SRD risk prediction), calibration (Hosmer—Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p = 0.62 for SRD estimation, p = 0.34 for 4-year SRD risk prediction) and more potential clinical benefits. In addition, three child-to-adult SRD risk assessment score trajectories were identified: increasing, increasing-stable and stable. Further difference analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that these SRD risk assessment score trajectories were highly associated with the incidence of SRD in middle age. In brief, we constructed a novel and noninvasive SRD risk assessment tool with excellent performance to help identify high-risk asymptomatic people from a large-scale population and assist in SRD screening.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Bioengineering

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