Affiliation:
1. Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
2. Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
Abstract
Intracycle velocity variation is a swimming relevant research topic, focusing on understanding the interaction between hydrodynamic propulsive and drag forces. We have performed a systematic scoping review to map the main concepts, sources and types of evidence accomplished. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as the Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming Symposia Proceedings Book, with manual searches, snowballing citation tracking, and external experts consultation. The eligibility criteria included competitive swimmers’ intracycle velocity variation assessment of any sex, distance, pace, swimming technique and protocol. Studies’ characteristics were summarized and expressed in an evidence gap map, and the risk of bias was judged using RoBANS. A total of 76 studies, corresponding to 68 trials involving 1440 swimmers (55.2 and 34.1% males and females), were included, with only 20 (29.4%) presenting an overall low risk of bias. The front crawl was the most studied swimming technique and intracycle velocity variation was assessed and quantified in several ways, leading to extremely divergent results. Researchers related intracycle velocity variation to coordination, energy cost, fatigue, technical proficiency, velocity, swimming techniques variants and force. Future studies should focus on studying backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly at high intensities, in young, youth and world-class swimmers, as well as in IVV quantification.
Funder
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Reference131 articles.
1. Swimming Speed Analyzed;Karpovich;Sci. Am.,1930
2. A device for the on-line measurement of instantaneous swimming velocity;Kent;Int. Ser. Sport Sci.,1975
3. The interaction between intra-cyclic variation of the velocity and mean swimming velocity in young competitive swimmers;Barbosa;Int. J. Sport. Med.,2013
4. Intracycle velocity variation of the body centre of mass in front crawl;Figueiredo;Int. J. Sport. Med.,2012
5. Magnetic Tape Natograph;Karpovich;Res. Q Am. Assoc. Health Phys. Educ.,1970
Cited by
3 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献