Correlation between Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibodies in Serum and Colostrum of Naturally Infected Sheep and Passive Immunization in Lambs

Author:

Alvares Felipe Boniedj Ventura1ORCID,Lima Brendo Andrade2,Lima Ana Maria Santos2,Batista Samira Pereira1,Aguiar Antônia Aniellen Raianne Moisés1ORCID,Ferreira Larissa Claudino1,Silva Welitânia Inácia1,Feitosa Thais Ferreira2ORCID,Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Postgraduate Program in Science and Animal Health, Federal University of Campina Grande—UFCG, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil

2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Institute of Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa 58814-000, PB, Brazil

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, poses a significant threat to sheep flocks, affecting reproductive performance and meat quality, and leading to economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in the serum and colostrum of naturally infected ewes and to assess passive immunity in newborn lambs. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from 162 ewes and 182 lambs across 20 sheep farms in Paraíba, Brazil. Samples were tested for anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora caninum IgG using indirect fluorescence antibody tests (IFATs), with titers ≥ 1:64 considered positive. Among the ewes, 45.1% tested positive for anti-T. gondii IgG in serum, with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:16,384. The colostrum from 94.6% of the ewes also tested positive, although 74% had higher titers in their serum than in their colostrum. Concordance between serum and colostrum was high, with a kappa coefficient of 0.950. Lamb serum showed a perfect agreement with maternal colostrum (kappa = 0.962), demonstrating effective passive transfer of antibodies. This study confirms that colostrum is a reliable matrix for detecting anti-T. gondii antibodies and assessing passive immunity in lambs. The high concordance between serum, colostrum, and lamb titers suggests that IFATs on colostrum can be a practical tool for monitoring maternal antibody transfer, contributing to the better management of T. gondii infections in sheep flocks.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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