Greener Solution to Waste Corn Stalks and Shortage of Asphalt Resource: Hydrochar Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Novel Performance Enhancer for Asphalt Binder

Abstract

Utilization of waste corn stalks (CS) has seized extensive attention due to high annual output and hazardous impact of piling aside or direct combustion on environment. However, previously there has been a lot of emphasis on improvement of its energy efficiency as solid fuel while limited investigations are available which explore the possibility of applying corn stalks as performance enhancer in asphalt binder. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of employing hydrochar as modifiers in asphalt binder by a series of experimental tests. In this study, two hydrochar were produced from corn stalks by a novel process called hydrothermal carbonization at a different reaction temperature. The two hydrochar and their responding hydrochar-modified asphalt (HCMA) were tested by chemical and rheological tests. Chemical analysis detected the interaction between hydrochar and binder factions, resulting in poor compatibility but satisfying anti-aging property. Even though hydrochar increased the viscosity of bitumen, implying worse workability, and caused poor storage stability, ameliorated performance of asphalt binder at high temperature by incorporating hydrochar was verified by various criteria such as higher performance grade (PG) failure temperature and lower non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr). Moreover, higher reaction temperature makes hydrochar’s particles smaller and more homogeneous, which results in slightly lower enhanced high temperature performance, more satisfying workability, better storage stability, and greater anti-aging effect of hydrochar-modified asphalt. Eventually, this study provided a promising win-win solution to environment problems concerning corn stalk treatment and shortage of asphalt binder. Further exploration of methods to improve HCMA’s storage stability, real-scale corroboration on trial section and life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement containing hydrochar modifiers will be followed in the future.