Rapid Deployment Method for Multi-Scene UAV Base Stations for Disaster Emergency Communications

Abstract

The collaborative deployment of multiple UAVs is a crucial issue in UAV-supported disaster emergency communication networks, as utilizing these UAVs as air base stations can greatly assist in restoring communication networks within disaster-stricken areas. In this paper, the problem of rapid deployment of randomly distributed UAVs in disaster scenarios is studied, and a distributed rapid deployment method for UAVs´ emergency communication network is proposed; this method can cover all target deployment points while maintaining connectivity and provide maximum area coverage for the emergency communication network. To reduce the deployment complexity, we decoupled the three-dimensional UAV deployment problem into two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. For this small-area deployment scenario, a small area UAVs deployment improved-Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (SAIBFGS) algorithm is proposed via improving the Iterative step size and search direction to solve the high computational complexity of the traditional Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. In a large area deployment scenario, aiming at the problem of the premature convergence of the standard genetic algorithm (SGA), the large-area UAVs deployment elitist strategy genetic algorithm (LAESGA) is proposed through the improvement of selection, crossover, and mutation operations. The adaptation function of connectivity and coverage is solved by using SAIBFGS and LAESGA, respectively, in the horizontal dimension to obtain the optimal UAV two-dimensional deployment coordinates. Then, the transmitting power and height of the UAV base station are dynamically adjusted according to the channel characteristics and the discrete coefficients of the ground users to be rescued in different environments, which effectively improves the power consumption efficiency of the UAV base station and increases the usage time of the UAV base station, realizing the energy-saving deployment of the UAV base station. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via data transmission rate simulation results in different environments.