In Silico Finite Element Modeling of Stress Distribution in Osteosynthesis after Pertrochanteric Fractures

Abstract

A stabilization method of pertrochanteric femur fractures is a contentious issue. Here, we assess the feasibility of rapid in silico 2D finite element modeling (FEM) to predict the distribution of stresses arising during the two most often used stabilization methods: gamma nail fixation (GNF) and dynamic hip screw (DHS). The modeling was based on standard pre-surgery radiographs of hip joints of 15 patients with pertrochanteric fractures of type A1, A2, and A3 according to the AO/OTA classification. The FEM showed that the stresses were similar for both GNF and DHS, with the medians ranging between 53–60 MPa and consistently lower for A1 than A3 fractures. Stresses also appeared in the fixation materials being about two-fold higher for GNF. Given similar bone stresses caused by both GNF and DHS but shorter surgery time, less extensive dissection, and faster patient mobilization, we submit that the GNF stabilization appears to be the most optimal system for pertrochanteric fractures. In silico FEM appears a viable perioperative method that helps predict the distribution of compressive stresses after osteosynthesis of pertrochanteric fractures. The promptness of modeling fits well into the rigid time framework of hip fracture surgery and may help optimize the fixation procedure for the best outcome. The study extends the use of FEM in complex orthopedic management. However, further datasets are required to firmly position the FEM in the treatment of pertrochanteric fractures.