Eco-Efficient Mortars for Sustainable Construction: A Comprehensive Approach

Abstract

Cement production is responsible for approximately 7% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Despite our efforts, we have not been able to find a competitive substitute that is both reliable and environmentally friendly. The easiest way to solve the issue is to rationalize resources and try to minimize their use by replacing them with other materials. The current market shortage and reduced initial strength have limited the availability of blends that contain a significant amount of fly ash. Given the current economic, political, and environmental circumstances, it is predicted that a solution may be ternary blends with cement, fly ash, and MTK. Despite being “ancient” materials, there have been no recent global performance assessments. In this context, an investigation was carried out with ternary blend mortars. A significant volume of cement has been replaced with fly ash and metakaolin. The results show that these blends’ performance is promising because they offer a wide range of possibilities for replacing cement, maintaining or even improving its properties. MTK and fly ash’s synergies significantly enhance mechanical performance and durability. Furthermore, the global sustainability analysis shows that ternary blends are 36% more efficient than binary blends of cement and fly ash or metakaolin.