Affiliation:
1. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
2. Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
Abstract
Using one opening (filter) within the floors of hydraulic structures is a known technique to relieve the seepage effects on their floors. In this study, a new method to control seepage flow by using two identical filters instead of one was tackled numerically. A comparative analysis of using one versus two filters was conducted for different thicknesses of the permeable stratum, apron size (b), filter length, and sheet pile wall depths. Results indicate that two filters are considerably more effective than using one where the overall uplift force, the maximum potential head, and the hydraulic exit gradient downstream of the floor are reduced to 42–56%, 42–51%, and 66–76%, respectively, compared to one filter, while slightly increasing seepage flow by 1–7%. Many reasons can lead to horizontal openings (cracks) appearing along the sheet pile walls beneath hydraulic structures. The current study tackled their effects on seepage flow for the first time and examined their impact on the floor. A crack in the upstream sheet pile wall can increase total uplift forces by up to 40%, while a crack in the downstream sheet pile wall can increase the hydraulic exit gradient by up to 230%
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