Energy Efficiency in Dome Structures: An Examination of Thermal Performance in Iranian Architecture

Abstract

This study investigates the energy efficiency of dome-shaped structures in traditional Iranian architecture in regions with cold winters and hot summers against the backdrop of rising energy consumption and environmental concerns. The present study employed Design Builder software to simulate three discrete models of Nowzari Caravanserai, featuring dome, flat, and sloping roofs. It was compared to the original model’s dome-shaped roof in terms of energy consumption and internal temperature. The objective was to investigate the potential differences in thermal energy consumption across these distinct roof designs in all months of the year. The results indicate that the dome-shaped structures exhibit better efficacy in controlling indoor temperatures, as demonstrated by a marked increase in indoor temperatures during colder months and a decrease in indoor temperatures during hotter months, relative to alternative structures. Moreover, the results of the simulation of two domed-roof models with ventilation and without ventilation showed that in this climate zone, the ventilation holes built into the roof have a unique efficiency in adjusting the internal temperature. The implications of this research include that traditional architectural features such as domed structures can be incorporated into contemporary construction practices to foster energy-efficient buildings and sustainable urbanization. This holds true not only for hot and desert climate regions but also for areas characterized by both hot summers and cold winters. The integration of traditional expertise and modern technology can help create buildings that balance aesthetics and sustainability, creating a cleaner, more sustainable built environment.