Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity of Herbal Lipospheres of Pentaclethra macrophylla (Fabaceae) Stem Bark Extract

Author:

Nnamani Petra Obioma123ORCID,Diovu Edith Obioma4,Peter Ikechukwu Emmanuel5ORCID,Onwuka Akachukwu Marytheresa5ORCID,Ogbuanwu Chiamaka Victory12,Abonyi Obiora Emmanuel6ORCID,Loretz Brigitta3ORCID,Lehr Claus-Michael37ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria

2. Public Health and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria

3. Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany

4. Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria

5. Natural Products RG, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Enugu 410001, Nigeria

6. Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Parklane, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu 400102, Nigeria

7. Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany

Abstract

Purpose: Inflammation of various degrees is common among humans. There are associated side effects with orthodox delivery systems and anti-inflammatory agents; hence, the study investigated the characteristics of herbal lipospheres and the anti-inflammatory potency of the lipospheres formulated from Pentaclethra macrophylla with the view to having a drug with a better delivery system and lesser side effects. Methods: Herbal lipospheres were formulated using solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) of P90H and goat fat and characterized for particle size and morphology, pH time dependent analysis, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory studies were carried out using membrane stabilization by hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and the determination of anti-platelet aggregatory activity models. The in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory studies on egg albumin- and formaldehyde-induced arthritis models were conducted. A total white blood cell count and differential blood count were carried out on the rats. Results: The results showed that there was no change in pH for the PM-unloaded lipospheres and 2.5 g of PM-loaded lipospheres from day 1 to day 7, but there was a mild variation in the rest of the formulations. The EE ranged from 35.2% to 94%, increasing according to the drug concentration. The photomicrographs of the lipospheres showed that the particles were spherical in shape. The particle sizes were within the acceptable range for lipospheres. FTIR showed no interaction. In the arthritis study, PM-loaded lipospheres inhibited edema consistently throughout the duration of observation. Inhibition of the membrane increased steadily with an increase in concentration of PM in the lipospheres and the standard drug. The platelet aggregatory inhibition decreased steadily with an increase in concentration of the PM in the lipospheres as well as the standard. The T50 dose of PM had the highest percentage of WBC, and it decreased as the treatment doses increased from T100 to T200. There were no significant differences among the Neutrophil counts of the different groups. Conclusions: The study, therefore, showed that the methanol extract of Pentaclethra macrophylla formed efficient herbal lipospheres with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Funder

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Germany

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Process Chemistry and Technology,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous),Bioengineering

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