Occurrence and Risk Factors Associated with Platynosomum illiciens Infection in Cats with Elevated Liver Enzymes

Author:

Chantawong Pinkarn12,Potiwong Jiraporn1,Choochote Natchanon1,Piyarungsri Kakanang13,Kunkaew Chakorn4,Tangtrongsup Sahatchai135ORCID,Tiwananthagorn Saruda123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand

2. Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand

3. Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand

4. Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Lampang 52000, Thailand

5. Elephant, Wildlife, and Companion Animals Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand

Abstract

Platynosomum spp., a hepatic trematode, causes fatal hepatobiliary disease in cats. Feline platynosomiasis is often underestimated due to a lack of awareness and diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, factors, and clinicopathological abnormalities associated with Platynosomum spp. infection in cats with elevated serum ALT levels. Platynosomum infection was determined using zinc sulfate flotation and formalin–ether sedimentation. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products from the Platynosomum internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and cox1 gene was used to identify Platynosomum species. Of a total of 43 cat fecal samples, the proportion of Platynosomum spp. infection by microscopic examination was 11.63% (5/43). All PCR-positive samples were molecularly identified as Platynosomum illiciens. From the logistic regression analysis, the odds of Platynosomum infection in cats without a deworming program were 16 times higher than those of regularly dewormed cats. Demographic data, housing conditions, and predatory behavior were not significantly associated with the infection. Regarding blood profiles, infected cats had higher eosinophil counts (p = 0.014), with no significant differences in ALT (p = 0.791) or ALP (p = 0.970) levels compared to non-infected cats. Our findings demonstrate that eosinophilia in cats with increased serum ALT may suggest P. illiciens infection in endemic areas. We strongly recommend a regular deworming program to mitigate the risk of P. illiciens infection.

Funder

Chiang Mai University

Publisher

MDPI AG

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