Nanobodies for the Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Author:

Tran Lan-HuongORCID,Graulus Geert-JanORCID,Vincke CécileORCID,Smiejkowska Natalia,Kindt Anne,Devoogdt NickORCID,Muyldermans SergeORCID,Adriaensens PeterORCID,Guedens WandaORCID

Abstract

Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer-related deaths among women. Since ovarian cancer patients are often asymptomatic, most patients are diagnosed only at an advanced stage of disease. This results in a 5-year survival rate below 50%, which is in strong contrast to a survival rate as high as 94% if detected and treated at an early stage. Monitoring serum biomarkers offers new possibilities to diagnose ovarian cancer at an early stage. In this study, nanobodies targeting the ovarian cancer biomarkers human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and progranulin (PGRN) were evaluated regarding their expression levels in bacterial systems, epitope binning, and antigen-binding affinity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance. The selected nanobodies possess strong binding affinities for their cognate antigens (KD~0.1–10 nM) and therefore have a pronounced potential to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. Moreover, it is of utmost importance that the limits of detection (LOD) for these biomarkers are in the pM range, implying high specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by values in human serum of 37 pM for HE4, 163 pM for SLPI, and 195 pM for PGRN. These nanobody candidates could thus pave the way towards multiplexed biosensors.

Funder

Hasselt University

Research Foundation - Flanders

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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