Diatoms of the Macroalgae Epiphyton and Bioindication of the Protected Coastal Waters of the Kazantip Cape (Crimea, the Sea of Azov)

Author:

Bondarenko Anna1,Shiroyan Armine1,Ryabushko Larisa1,Barinova Sophia2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol 299011, Russia

2. Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushi Avenue, 199, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel

Abstract

This article is about the diversity of diatoms in the benthos of the upper sublittoral near Kazantip Cape, located on the shore of the Sea of Azov in the northeastern part of Crimea. The study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at a depth of 0.1 to 1 m at temperatures from 3.7 °C to 29 °C and salinity from 13.6 to 15.6 psu on the following 11 species of macroalgae: Phaeophyta of Ericaria crinita, Gongolaria barbata, and Cladosiphon mediterraneus; Chlorophyta—Bryopsis hypnoides, Cladophora liniformis, Ulva intestinalis, and Ulva linza; and Rhodophyta—Callithamnion corymbosum, Ceramium arborescens, Polysiphonia denudata, and Pyropia leucosticta. A total of 97 taxa of Bacillariophyta belonging to 3 classes, 21 orders, 30 families, and 45 genera were found. The highest number of diatom species was found on U. linza (61 species), P. denudata (45), E. crinita (40), the lowest number was recorded on thalli P. leucosticta (9). On macroalgae were found of 80% benthic diatoms, 50% marine species, 36% brackish-marine, 9% freshwater, 5% brackish, and 36% cosmopolites. The maximum abundance of the diatom community was 243.4 × 103 cells/cm2 (P. denudata in September at 23.9 °C and 15.0 psu) with dominance by the diatom of Licmophora abbreviata, and the minimum was 3.8 × 103 cells/cm2 (P. leucosticta in January at 3.7 °C and 15.0 psu). The presence in the epiphyton of diatoms—indicators of moderate organic water pollution (32 species), which developed in masse in late summer—indicate a constant inflow of organic matter into the coastal waters of the Kazantip Cape. The bioindicator and statistical studies indicate the effectiveness of the conservation regime, especially at stations within the IUCN reserve, despite relatively high saprobity rates at stations exposed to recreational pressure and poorly treated domestic wastewater.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference73 articles.

1. Gaevskaya, A.V. (2013). Microphytobenthos of the Black Sea, EKOSI-Hydrophyzica. (In Russian).

2. The Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of the Benthic Diatoms near Kazantip Cape of the Sea of Azov;Ryabushko;J. Black Sea/Mediterr. Environ.,2016

3. Microphytobenthos as an indicator of water quality and organic pollution in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov;Barinova;Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud.,2019

4. A. Cadastral documentation for the state budgetary institution of the Republic of Crimea Kazantipsky Nature Reserve;Litvinyuk;Sci. Notes Martyan Cape Nat. Reserve,2016

5. Materials on the flora of the Sea of Azov;Volkov;Proc. Rostov Reg. Biol. Soc.,1940

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