Carbon Nanocomposites in Aerospace Technology: A Way to Protect Low-Orbit Satellites
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Published:2023-05-30
Issue:11
Volume:13
Page:1763
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ISSN:2079-4991
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Container-title:Nanomaterials
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nanomaterials
Author:
Weerasinghe Janith1ORCID, Prasad Karthika1, Mathew Joice2ORCID, Trifoni Eduardo2, Baranov Oleg34ORCID, Levchenko Igor15ORCID, Bazaka Kateryna1
Affiliation:
1. School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia 2. Advanced Instrumentation and Technology Centre, Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, ANU College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia 3. Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Engineering and Robomechanical Systems, National Aerospace University, 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine 4. Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 5. Plasma Sources and Application Centre, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
Abstract
Recent advancements in space technology and reduced launching cost led companies, defence and government organisations to turn their attention to low Earth orbit (LEO) and very low Earth orbit (VLEO) satellites, for they offer significant advantages over other types of spacecraft and present an attractive solution for observation, communication and other tasks. However, keeping satellites in LEO and VLEO presents a unique set of challenges, in addition to those typically associated with exposure to space environment such as damage from space debris, thermal fluctuations, radiation and thermal management in vacuum. The structural and functional elements of LEO and especially VLEO satellites are significantly affected by residual atmosphere and, in particular, atomic oxygen (AO). At VLEO, the remaining atmosphere is dense enough to create significant drag and quicky de-orbit satellites; thus, thrusters are needed to keep them on a stable orbit. Atomic oxygen-induced material erosion is another key challenge to overcome during the design phase of LEO and VLEO spacecraft. This review covered the corrosion interactions between the satellites and the low orbit environment, and how it can be minimised through the use of carbon-based nanomaterials and their composites. The review also discussed key mechanisms and challenges underpinning material design and fabrication, and it outlined the current research in this area.
Funder
ANU Futures Fellowship Research Pipeline Seed Fund, College of Science ANU National Research Foundation of Ukraine NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme Australian National University NIE, Nanyang Technological University Australian Research Council The AustraNolian National University Futures Scheme
Subject
General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering
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