Robot Path Planning Method Based on Indoor Spacetime Grid Model

Abstract

In the context of digital twins, smart city construction and artificial intelligence technology are developing rapidly, and more and more mobile robots are performing tasks in complex and time-varying indoor environments, making, at present, the unification of modeling, dynamic expression, visualization of operation, and wide application between robots and indoor environments a pressing problem to be solved. This paper presents an in-depth study on this issue and summarizes three major types of methods: geometric modeling, topological modeling, and raster modeling, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of these three types of methods. Therefore, in view of the current pain points of robots and complex time-varying indoor environments, this paper proposes an indoor spacetime grid model based on the three-dimensional division framework of the Earth space and innovatively integrates time division on the basis of space division. On the basis of the model, a dynamic path planning algorithm for the robot in the complex time-varying indoor environment is designed, that is, the Spacetime-A* algorithm (STA* for short). Finally, the indoor spacetime grid modeling experiment is carried out with real data, which verifies the feasibility and correctness of the spacetime relationship calculation algorithm encoded by the indoor spacetime grid model. Then, experiments are carried out on the multi-group path planning algorithms of the robot under the spacetime grid, and the feasibility of the STA* algorithm under the indoor spacetime grid and the superiority of the spacetime grid are verified.