Fuel Pretreatment Systems in Modern CI Engines

Abstract

The article concerns the possibility of using a fuel pretreatment system in modern compression ignition CI engines, the main task of which is the reduction of toxic emissions in the form of exhaust gases. This fuel pretreatment system consists of a catalytic reactor used in common rail (CR), and a modified fuel atomizer into spiral‒elliptical channels covered with catalytic material. In the system presented here, platinum was the catalyst. The catalyst’s task is to cause the dehydrogenation reaction of paraffin hydrocarbons contained in the fuel to create an olefin form, with the release of a free hydrogen molecule. In the literature, the methods of using catalysts in the exhaust systems of engines, or in combustion chambers, injection pumps, or fuel injectors, are known. However, the use of a catalytic reactor in the CR system in a high-pressure fuel atomizer rail is an innovative project proposed by the authors. Conditions in the high-pressure CR system are favorable for the catalyst’s operation. In addition, the spiral‒elliptical channels made on the inoperative part of the fuel atomizer needle increase the flow turbulence and contact surface for the catalyst.