Response of Contrasting Nutrient Management Regimes on Soil Aggregation, Aggregate-Associated Carbon and Macronutrients in a 43-Year Long-Term Experiment
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Published:2023-02-02
Issue:3
Volume:15
Page:2679
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ISSN:2071-1050
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Container-title:Sustainability
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Sustainability
Author:
Choudhary Mahipal1, Sinha Nishant K.2, Mohanty Monoranjan2, Jayaraman Somasundaram2ORCID, Kumari Nikul3ORCID, Jyoti Bikram4, Srivastava Ankur3ORCID, Thakur Jyoti K.2, Kumar Nirmal5, Jha Pramod2, Kumar Dhiraj2, Kumar Jitendra2, Mishra Rahul2, Wanjari Ravi H.2, Chaudhary Ranjeet S.2, Hati Kuntal M.2, Bisht Jaideep K.6, Pattanayak Arunava6
Affiliation:
1. ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India 2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India 3. School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia 4. ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India 5. ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440033, India 6. ICAR-Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora 263601, India
Abstract
The present investigation evaluated the effect of continuous application (>43 years) of organic and inorganic fertilisers on soil aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, aggregate-associated carbon and its fractions, and total macro-nutrient content under the soybean–wheat cropping system in vertisols of the semi-arid region. Seven contrasting treatments consisted of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM) and T7 Control (crop raised without addition of any nutrient). The highest and lowest percentage of large macroaggregates (11.3%) was found in T6 and T7 treatments. The NPK + FYM (T6) treatments substantially increased the proportion of the macroaggregate fractions (>2 mm and 2–0.25 mm) than other treatments. However, different manure and fertilisation treatments did not affect the proportion of silt + clay aggregates. Long-term application of 100% NPK + FYM increased mean weight diameter (MWD) and stable water aggregates (WSA) by 35.7 and 6.01% over control. The aggregate-associated SOC followed the trend of large macroaggregates > microaggregates > small macroaggregates > silt + clay fractions. Application of long-term manure plus inorganic fertiliser (T6) has also increased Walkley Black soil organic carbon (WBSC), permanganate oxidisable carbon (KMnO4-C), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), carbon mineralisation (CM), total soil carbon (TSC), total soil N (TSN), total soil phosphorus (TSP) and total soil potassium (STK) by 82.1, 71.6, 182, 42.4, 23.9, 41.6, 117 and 18.4%, respectively, over control (T7). The lowest metabolic quotient (MetQ) value of 5.13 mg CO2–C mg−1 MBC h−1 was obtained in the control treatment (T7). The lowest MetQ was recorded in the integrated application of manure + inorganic fertiliser, i.e., 100% NPK + FYM (T6). Similarly, microbial quotient (MiQ) was also higher in treatment T6 (100% NPK + FYM) and lower in T7 (control). It is concluded that the application of inorganic fertiliser alone is insufficient to maintain soil health and sustainability so, combined application of manure plus inorganic fertilisation is the most important nutrient management practice for long-term soil sustainability because it maintains SOC levels in soils for long periods and ultimately ensures the soil health of soybean–wheat cropping systems in the vertisols of semi-arid regions.
Subject
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction
Cited by
1 articles.
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