1. Trauma and Acute Critical Care Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
2. Department of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
3. Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, 4-1-1 Otsuno, Tsuchiura 300-0028, Ibaraki, Japan